Mitral Valve Stenosis
Mitral valve stenosis, also known as mitral stenosis, occurs when the mitral valve, the opening that separates the upper and lower left chambers of the heart, becomes narrowed. This prevents the valve from opening fully and blocks the blood from flowing between the upper and lower chambers. This condition can lead to:
- Blood clots
- Lung congestion
- Heart failure
Causes of Mitral Valve Stenosis
Most cases of mitral valve stenosis are caused by the following:
- Rheumatic fever
- Congenital heart defect
- Medication
- Tumor
- Blood clots
- Radiation treatment to the chest
Symptoms of Mitral Valve Stenosis
Although some people experience mild or no symptoms from mitral valve stenosis, problems can arise suddenly. Common symptoms of mitral valve stenosis may include:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Heart palpitations
- Respiratory infections
- Coughing
- Chest pain
- Swollen ankles or feet
- Failure to thrive
Patients with mitral valve stenosis typically show symptoms of the disease when they exercise or during pregnancy.
Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Stenosis
Mitral valve stenosis may be determined during a physical examination when a heart murmur, irregular heart beat or other abnormality is heard. There may also be evidence of congestion of the lung. To confirm diagnosis, the following tests may be conducted:
- Chest X-ray
- MRI
- Echocardiogram
- Electrocardiogram
- CT of the heart
- Cardiac catheterization
Treatment for Mitral Valve Stenosis
Treatment for mitral valve stenosis is necessary even if the patient is not experiencing symptoms. Medication may be prescribed to minimize mild symptoms, although medication cannot correct the defect. If narrowing becomes more severe and symptoms arise, surgery to repair or replace the valve may be recommended. While mitral valve stenosis does not cause serious symptoms, it can worsen and lead to severe complications, making treatment and monitoring of the condition necessary for all patients.